Tinospora sinensis
(Lour.) Merr. in Sunyatsenia 1: 193. 1934. Campylus sinensis
Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 113. 1790. Menispermum malabaricum Lam., Encycl. Meth. 4: 96.
1797. Cocculus tomentosa Colebr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 13: 56. 1872. T. tomentosa (Colebr.) Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 183. 1855 & in Fl. Brit. India 1: 96. 1872. T.
malabarica (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson in Fl. Brit. India 1: 96. 1872.
Asm.: Hoguni-lot; Beng.: Padma-gulancha; Mal.: Kattamirthu.
Large fleshy climbers; stems puberulous when young, striate, with scattered lenticels; leaf-scars distinct. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, abruptly truncate or cuneate or subcordate at base, acutely acuminate at apex, 7 - 15 x 4.5 - 12 cm, membranous, sparingly pubescent above, pilose beneath with glandular patches in basal nerve axils; basal nerves 5 - 7; lateral nerves 1 or 2 on either side of midrib; petioles 4 - 10 cm long, puberulous. Inflorescences pseudo-racemose, 3 - 12 cm long, slender. Male flowers: pedicels 2 - 5 mm long; sepals yellowish green, glabrous; outer 3 ovate, 1 - 1.5 mm long; inner 3 broadly elliptic, 3 - 5 x 2 - 5 mm; petals 6, obliquely rhomboid-ovate, 3 - 4 x 1 - 3 mm; stamens ca 3 mm long. Female flowers: pedicels 3 - 10 mm long; staminodes ca 1 mm long; carpels 1.5 - 2 mm long; stigma flat, lobed; gynophore ca 1 mm long. Drupes globose, 1 - 3, 10 - 13 mm across, red, scarlet or orange red; carpophores 2 - 3 mm long on 8 - 10 mm long peduncles; pericarp drying thin; endocarp broadly elliptic to subrotund in outline, 7 - 9 x 5 - 6 mm, tuberculate; aperture small, elliptic, ca 1 mm long on ventral face; condyle intrusive.
Fl. & Fr. Feb. - June.
Distrib. India: Along streams in Subtropical evergreen or mixed deciduous forests, scrub jungles and distrubed forests, on sandy loam, hedges and occasionally in rocky valleys, up to 800 m. Bihar, Assam, Orissa, Maharashtra and Kerala.
Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia·
Notes. Used for treatment of piles and ulcerated wounds, liver complaints, chronic rheumatism and also as muscle relaxant.
Large fleshy climbers; stems puberulous when young, striate, with scattered lenticels; leaf-scars distinct. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, abruptly truncate or cuneate or subcordate at base, acutely acuminate at apex, 7 - 15 x 4.5 - 12 cm, membranous, sparingly pubescent above, pilose beneath with glandular patches in basal nerve axils; basal nerves 5 - 7; lateral nerves 1 or 2 on either side of midrib; petioles 4 - 10 cm long, puberulous. Inflorescences pseudo-racemose, 3 - 12 cm long, slender. Male flowers: pedicels 2 - 5 mm long; sepals yellowish green, glabrous; outer 3 ovate, 1 - 1.5 mm long; inner 3 broadly elliptic, 3 - 5 x 2 - 5 mm; petals 6, obliquely rhomboid-ovate, 3 - 4 x 1 - 3 mm; stamens ca 3 mm long. Female flowers: pedicels 3 - 10 mm long; staminodes ca 1 mm long; carpels 1.5 - 2 mm long; stigma flat, lobed; gynophore ca 1 mm long. Drupes globose, 1 - 3, 10 - 13 mm across, red, scarlet or orange red; carpophores 2 - 3 mm long on 8 - 10 mm long peduncles; pericarp drying thin; endocarp broadly elliptic to subrotund in outline, 7 - 9 x 5 - 6 mm, tuberculate; aperture small, elliptic, ca 1 mm long on ventral face; condyle intrusive.
Fl. & Fr. Feb. - June.
Distrib. India: Along streams in Subtropical evergreen or mixed deciduous forests, scrub jungles and distrubed forests, on sandy loam, hedges and occasionally in rocky valleys, up to 800 m. Bihar, Assam, Orissa, Maharashtra and Kerala.
Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia·
Notes. Used for treatment of piles and ulcerated wounds, liver complaints, chronic rheumatism and also as muscle relaxant.
