Hydnocarpus kurzii
(King) Warb. in Engler & Pranti Pflanzenfam. 3, 60: 21. f.
M-N. (fig. erroneo sub Gynocardia odorata). 1893; Kanjilal et al., Fl. Assam 1: 87. 1934.
Tarktogenos kurzii King in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 59(2): 123. 1890.
Ass.: Lantem; Beng.: Chaulamugra, Dalmungri; Garo: Bilibu; Kh.: Dieng-sohlap; Lus.: Matta; Man.: Chalmugra, Uthou; Nep.: Bandre; Tipp.: Matta.
Trees, 10 - 20 (-30) m tall, with narrow crown and hanging branches; bark plain grey, brown or almost black outside, often with white patches, yellow or yellowish brown inside; branchlets tawny tomentose, soon glabrescent. Leaves bifarious, variable, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-oblong, obovate-oblong or even elliptic, usually cuneate, rarely rounded and somewhat inequilateral at base, obtusely short or abruptly long acuminate, or even obtuse at apex, entire, 9 - 25 (-30) x 3 - 7 (-10) cm, membranous and minutely appressed pubescent when young, soon glabrescent; secondary veins 7 - 9 pairs; petioles swollen and slightly geniculate at upper end, 1 - 3 cm long. Male flowers 8 - 12 mm across, pale yellow, 3 - 5 each in two compact fascicles atop a common peduncle 7 - 15 mm long; peduncles 2 - 3 mm long, pedicels 7 - 10 mm long, all strigosely fulvous tomentose. Sepals ovate-orbicular, concave, ca 5 x 4 mm, fulvous tomentose. Petals broadly ovate to ovate-orbicular, cuneate at base, ciliate along margins, ca 4 mm long; epipetalous scales obovate, densely white pilose at apex. Stamens (15-) 20 - 30; filaments ca 4 mm long, densely pilose. Female flowers 2 - 5 in a compact fascicle atop a ca 5 mm long peduncle, rarely solitary by abortion; pedicels ca 12 mm long, strigosely fulvous tomentose. Sepals and petals often fewer than in male flowers. Staminodes 10 - 16. Ovary ovoid, obscurely 6 - 7-ribbed densely fulvous tomentose, with 4 parietal placentae; stigmas 4. Berries globose somewhat protruded at apex, 8 - l0 cm across; pericarp reddish brown, velvety tomentose, afterwards scurfy. Seeds 12 - 18, tightly packed in fruit, angular-ovoid, 2.2 - 3.2 x 1.6 - 2 cm.
Fl. Feb. - April (Nov.), probably throughout the year in flashes; fruiting afterwards.
Distrib. India: Evergreen rain forests. Upper Assam, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura.
Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Notes. The seeds of this tree yield the proper Chaulmugra oil, much used for all cutaneous complaints.
Trees, 10 - 20 (-30) m tall, with narrow crown and hanging branches; bark plain grey, brown or almost black outside, often with white patches, yellow or yellowish brown inside; branchlets tawny tomentose, soon glabrescent. Leaves bifarious, variable, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-oblong, obovate-oblong or even elliptic, usually cuneate, rarely rounded and somewhat inequilateral at base, obtusely short or abruptly long acuminate, or even obtuse at apex, entire, 9 - 25 (-30) x 3 - 7 (-10) cm, membranous and minutely appressed pubescent when young, soon glabrescent; secondary veins 7 - 9 pairs; petioles swollen and slightly geniculate at upper end, 1 - 3 cm long. Male flowers 8 - 12 mm across, pale yellow, 3 - 5 each in two compact fascicles atop a common peduncle 7 - 15 mm long; peduncles 2 - 3 mm long, pedicels 7 - 10 mm long, all strigosely fulvous tomentose. Sepals ovate-orbicular, concave, ca 5 x 4 mm, fulvous tomentose. Petals broadly ovate to ovate-orbicular, cuneate at base, ciliate along margins, ca 4 mm long; epipetalous scales obovate, densely white pilose at apex. Stamens (15-) 20 - 30; filaments ca 4 mm long, densely pilose. Female flowers 2 - 5 in a compact fascicle atop a ca 5 mm long peduncle, rarely solitary by abortion; pedicels ca 12 mm long, strigosely fulvous tomentose. Sepals and petals often fewer than in male flowers. Staminodes 10 - 16. Ovary ovoid, obscurely 6 - 7-ribbed densely fulvous tomentose, with 4 parietal placentae; stigmas 4. Berries globose somewhat protruded at apex, 8 - l0 cm across; pericarp reddish brown, velvety tomentose, afterwards scurfy. Seeds 12 - 18, tightly packed in fruit, angular-ovoid, 2.2 - 3.2 x 1.6 - 2 cm.
Fl. Feb. - April (Nov.), probably throughout the year in flashes; fruiting afterwards.
Distrib. India: Evergreen rain forests. Upper Assam, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura.
Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Notes. The seeds of this tree yield the proper Chaulmugra oil, much used for all cutaneous complaints.
