Paramignya monophylla
Wight, In. Ind. Bot. 1: 108, t. 42. 1840; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 510. 1875.
Mar.: Karivageti, Kurvivageti; Kan.: Kadukanji, Kan-nimbu.
Woody climbers; stem armed with recurved spines in leaf axils; hark greenish, gland-dotted, lenticellate. Leaves simple; petioles slender, 6 - 15 mm long, twisted,not articulated with leaf blades, shortly pubescent to glabrous; leaf blades elliptic, elliptic-oblong, ovate-lanceolate or subobovate, obtuse to rounded at base, acute, obtuse or abruptly acuminate at apex, entire or rarely obscurely crenate towards apex from middle along margins, 6 - 13.5 x 2 - 6 cm, coriaceous, greenish glossy above, pale green beneath, glabrous; secondary nerves 9 - 20 pairs, prominent, spreading, finely reticulate; pedicels slender, 4 - 8 mm long, pubescent. Flowers in axillary cymes or sometimes solitary, ca 25 mm across when open, fragrant. Calyx cupular, ca 5 mm long; sepals 5, rounded, obtuse, ca 2 mm long, glandular, finely pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, persistent. Petals 4 or 5, oblong to oblanceolate, obtuse, slightly narrowed at base, ca 15 x 5 mm, pinnately 3 - 4-nerved, glandular, glabrous, fleshy, white. Stamens 8 or 10, equal or subequal in length; filaments linear, subulate above, 7 - 13 mm long, often gland-dotted, pilose or glabrous; anthers linear, obtuse or minutely glandular-apiculate, ca 4 mm long. Ovary ovoid, ca 2 x x 1.5 mm, tawny-pubescent to densely puberulent to glabrous, 3 - 5-locular; each locule with 2 collateral ovules; style cylindric, 5 - 12 mm long, pubescent at base, glabrous above; stigma capitate. Berries subglohose or obovoid, ca 25 mm across, 3 - 5-grooved above, orange-coloured when ripe, downy-pubescent; seeds 3 - 5, flat, large.
Fl. April-May; Fr. August onwards and ripens mostly during winter.
Distrib. India: Wet evergreen forests up to 1520 m. W. Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and. Kerala.
Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
Notes. Root contains calcium oxalate and is bitter in taste. It is used as a tonic and diuretic and also given to cattle in haematuria and other bloody fluxes from the abdomen.
Woody climbers; stem armed with recurved spines in leaf axils; hark greenish, gland-dotted, lenticellate. Leaves simple; petioles slender, 6 - 15 mm long, twisted,not articulated with leaf blades, shortly pubescent to glabrous; leaf blades elliptic, elliptic-oblong, ovate-lanceolate or subobovate, obtuse to rounded at base, acute, obtuse or abruptly acuminate at apex, entire or rarely obscurely crenate towards apex from middle along margins, 6 - 13.5 x 2 - 6 cm, coriaceous, greenish glossy above, pale green beneath, glabrous; secondary nerves 9 - 20 pairs, prominent, spreading, finely reticulate; pedicels slender, 4 - 8 mm long, pubescent. Flowers in axillary cymes or sometimes solitary, ca 25 mm across when open, fragrant. Calyx cupular, ca 5 mm long; sepals 5, rounded, obtuse, ca 2 mm long, glandular, finely pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, persistent. Petals 4 or 5, oblong to oblanceolate, obtuse, slightly narrowed at base, ca 15 x 5 mm, pinnately 3 - 4-nerved, glandular, glabrous, fleshy, white. Stamens 8 or 10, equal or subequal in length; filaments linear, subulate above, 7 - 13 mm long, often gland-dotted, pilose or glabrous; anthers linear, obtuse or minutely glandular-apiculate, ca 4 mm long. Ovary ovoid, ca 2 x x 1.5 mm, tawny-pubescent to densely puberulent to glabrous, 3 - 5-locular; each locule with 2 collateral ovules; style cylindric, 5 - 12 mm long, pubescent at base, glabrous above; stigma capitate. Berries subglohose or obovoid, ca 25 mm across, 3 - 5-grooved above, orange-coloured when ripe, downy-pubescent; seeds 3 - 5, flat, large.
Fl. April-May; Fr. August onwards and ripens mostly during winter.
Distrib. India: Wet evergreen forests up to 1520 m. W. Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and. Kerala.
Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
Notes. Root contains calcium oxalate and is bitter in taste. It is used as a tonic and diuretic and also given to cattle in haematuria and other bloody fluxes from the abdomen.
