Putranjiva roxburghii
Wall., Tent. Fl. Napal. 61. 1826; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 336. 1887;
Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 936. 1903; T.Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2(3): 590. 1906; Gamble, Fl. Madras 2(7): 1311.
1925 (repr. ed. 2: 917. 1957). Nagea putranjiva Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 3: 766. 1832, nom. illeg.
Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurus. in J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 337. 1954.
Beng.: Ghurnifal, Putranjiva; Eng.: Wild olive; Hindi: Putijia, Jiaputa, Juti; Kan.:
Anani; Mar.: Pagvi, Kogri, Jewanputr; Or.: Poitundia; Sans.: Putranjiva; Tam.: Irukolli,
Kampalai, Karippalai, Karupala; Tel.: Kadrajuvi, Kuduru, Putrajivika; Urdu: Paishavdia.
Trees, 4 - 20 m tall; branchlets puberulous, soon glabrous. Leaves oblong to oblongelliptic or obliquely ovate, asymmetric, acute, obtuse to rounded at base, closely serrulate along margins, acute, obtuse to rounded at apex, 5 - 13 x 1.5 - 4.5 cm, chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous or thinly pubescent on midrib; lateral nerves very slender, 10 - 18 pairs; petioles 4 - 10 mm long. Inflorescences on main leafy branches and on special small-leaved lateral branches. Male flowers: 2 - 2.5 mm across; pedicels 1.5 - 2 mm long; sepals 3 - 5, suborbicular, ca 1 x 1 mm; stamens 2 - 4, 1.5 - 2 mm long; anthers orbicular, 0.5 - 1 mm long. Female flowers: pedicels 6 - 15 mm long; sepals 5 or 6, ovate to elliptic, 2 - 2.5 x 1.2 - 1.5 mm; ovary ovoid, ca 2 x 1.5 mm, yellowfelted, 2 or 3-locular; styles 2 or 3, 3 - 7 mm long, often connate below; stigmas flabellate. Fruits ovoid-ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid, 13 - 20 x 9 - 13 mm, acute to attenuate at base, brownfelted, 1-locular, 1-seeded; pedicels 6 - 25 mm long.
Fl. & Fr. Jan. - Dec.
Distrib. India: Evergreen and deciduous forests, up to 1000 m altitude, common. Almost throughout India, excluding Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Indo-China, Java, Moluccas, Lesser Sunda Is. and New Guinea.
Uses. Often cultivated. A decoction of the leaves and fruits given orally for cold, fever and rheumatism. Fruits made into necklaces and worn on children against all evils. For burning lamps, oil from seeds is used.
Notes. Several chromosome numbers have been reported for this species: n = 7 (Sanjappa, Taxon 28: 274. 1979); 2n = 38 (Sharma & Jash, Proc. 45th Indian Sci. Congress. Part 3: 302 - 303. 1958); 2n = 40 (Raghavan, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. B, 49: 239 - 244. 1959); and 2n = 42 (Gill, Chawla & Kanwal, Cytologia 38: 393 - 401. 1973).
Trees, 4 - 20 m tall; branchlets puberulous, soon glabrous. Leaves oblong to oblongelliptic or obliquely ovate, asymmetric, acute, obtuse to rounded at base, closely serrulate along margins, acute, obtuse to rounded at apex, 5 - 13 x 1.5 - 4.5 cm, chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous or thinly pubescent on midrib; lateral nerves very slender, 10 - 18 pairs; petioles 4 - 10 mm long. Inflorescences on main leafy branches and on special small-leaved lateral branches. Male flowers: 2 - 2.5 mm across; pedicels 1.5 - 2 mm long; sepals 3 - 5, suborbicular, ca 1 x 1 mm; stamens 2 - 4, 1.5 - 2 mm long; anthers orbicular, 0.5 - 1 mm long. Female flowers: pedicels 6 - 15 mm long; sepals 5 or 6, ovate to elliptic, 2 - 2.5 x 1.2 - 1.5 mm; ovary ovoid, ca 2 x 1.5 mm, yellowfelted, 2 or 3-locular; styles 2 or 3, 3 - 7 mm long, often connate below; stigmas flabellate. Fruits ovoid-ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid, 13 - 20 x 9 - 13 mm, acute to attenuate at base, brownfelted, 1-locular, 1-seeded; pedicels 6 - 25 mm long.
Fl. & Fr. Jan. - Dec.
Distrib. India: Evergreen and deciduous forests, up to 1000 m altitude, common. Almost throughout India, excluding Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Indo-China, Java, Moluccas, Lesser Sunda Is. and New Guinea.
Uses. Often cultivated. A decoction of the leaves and fruits given orally for cold, fever and rheumatism. Fruits made into necklaces and worn on children against all evils. For burning lamps, oil from seeds is used.
Notes. Several chromosome numbers have been reported for this species: n = 7 (Sanjappa, Taxon 28: 274. 1979); 2n = 38 (Sharma & Jash, Proc. 45th Indian Sci. Congress. Part 3: 302 - 303. 1958); 2n = 40 (Raghavan, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. B, 49: 239 - 244. 1959); and 2n = 42 (Gill, Chawla & Kanwal, Cytologia 38: 393 - 401. 1973).
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