Glochidion ellipticum
Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5(2): t. 1906. 1852; Hook.f., Fl. Brit.
India 5: 321. 1887; Gamble, Fl. Madras 2(7): 1308. 1925 (repr. ed. 2: 915. 1957), p. p., excl. syn.; Chakrab. & M.Gangop. in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 19: 199. f. 12 E - H. 1995. Phyllanthus malabaricus Müll.Arg. in Linnaea 34: 69. 1865 & in Flora 48: 386. 1865 & in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 305. 1866. P. assamicus Müll.Arg. in Flora 48: 378. 1865 & in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 297. 1866. P. diversifolius Miq. var. wightianus Müll.Arg. l. c. 378. 1865 & l. c. 298. 1866. Glochidion malabaricum (Müll.Arg.) Bedd., Forester's Man. 194. 1873; Hook.f., l. c. 319. 1887. G.diversifolium (Miq.) Bedd. var. wightianum (Müll.Arg.) Bedd., l. c. 193. 1873. G. assamicum (Müll.Arg.) Hook.f., l. c. 319. 1887; Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 931. 1903; Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 2: 131. 1921; Kanjilal et al., Fl. Assam 4: 187. 1940. G. ralphii Hook.f., l. c. 314. 1887, p. p. G. ellipticum var. wightianum (Müll.Arg.) Hook.f., l. c. 321. 1887. G. ellipticum var. ralphii (Hook.f.) Gamble, l. c. 1308. 1925, p. p. G. diversifolium sensu Bedd., l. c. 193. 1873 (non Phyllanthus diversifolius Miq. 1860). G. balakrishnanii G.J.Jothi et al. in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 26: 114, f. 1. 2002. G. mandakamdevi Borthakur & Kalita in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 30: 490, f. 2. 2006, syn. nov.
Asm.: Panichhitiki; Kh.: Dieng-soh-kassiu; Nep.: Holdikath, Lati-mauwa; Tam.:
Kokkamani-marum, Panippoduk-kaanai, Thirakkoli.
Shrubs or trees, 2 - 15 m tall; almost entirely glabrous; branchlets sparsely puberulous when young, soon glabrous. Leaves oblong, elliptic to oblong-elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic to lanceolate-oblong or subfalcate or obovate, acute, attenuate or rounded or unequal at base, apiculate to acuminate or caudate or sometimes rounded or acute at apex, 4 - 17 x 1.5 - 9 cm, coriaceous or sometimes chartaceous, glossy; lateral nerves 5 - 10 pairs; petioles 2 - 6 mm long. Inflorescences often at the axils of fallen leaves, dense-flowered. Male flowers: pedicels filiform, 5 - 17 mm long; sepals ovate, elliptic or triangular, 1.5 - 5 x 0.3 - 2 mm; anthers 3 - 4 (- 5), 1 - 1.5 mm long. Female flowers: sessile to pedicellate (pedicels 1 - 5 mm long); sepals linear, oblong, elliptic or triangular, 1 - 3 x 0.5 - 1 mm; ovary subglobose, 0.5 - 1 mm in diam., (3 -) 4 (- 6)-locular, tomentellous to glabrous; style columnar to conical or sometimes obconic, 0.5 - 2 (-3) x 0.3 - 2 mm; lobes (3 -) 4 (- 6), triangular, suborbicular, oblong to linear, 0.2 - 1 mm long, occasionally bilobulate, erect or spreading. Fruits depressed-subglobose, sometimes squarish, 2 - 4 x 6 - 8 (- 10) mm, (3 -) 4 (- 6)-locular, unlobed or shallowly lobed, crustaceous, puberulous to glabrous; pedicels 2 - 8 mm long.
Fl. & Fr. Jan. - Dec.
Distrib. India: Evergreen, primary or deciduous forests, tropical forests, scrub, up to 1800 m altitude, common. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Taiwan and Vietnam.
Notes. Chromosome number: 2 n = 52 for G. assamicum (Mehra & Hans, Taxon 18: 310 - 315. 1969).
Shrubs or trees, 2 - 15 m tall; almost entirely glabrous; branchlets sparsely puberulous when young, soon glabrous. Leaves oblong, elliptic to oblong-elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic to lanceolate-oblong or subfalcate or obovate, acute, attenuate or rounded or unequal at base, apiculate to acuminate or caudate or sometimes rounded or acute at apex, 4 - 17 x 1.5 - 9 cm, coriaceous or sometimes chartaceous, glossy; lateral nerves 5 - 10 pairs; petioles 2 - 6 mm long. Inflorescences often at the axils of fallen leaves, dense-flowered. Male flowers: pedicels filiform, 5 - 17 mm long; sepals ovate, elliptic or triangular, 1.5 - 5 x 0.3 - 2 mm; anthers 3 - 4 (- 5), 1 - 1.5 mm long. Female flowers: sessile to pedicellate (pedicels 1 - 5 mm long); sepals linear, oblong, elliptic or triangular, 1 - 3 x 0.5 - 1 mm; ovary subglobose, 0.5 - 1 mm in diam., (3 -) 4 (- 6)-locular, tomentellous to glabrous; style columnar to conical or sometimes obconic, 0.5 - 2 (-3) x 0.3 - 2 mm; lobes (3 -) 4 (- 6), triangular, suborbicular, oblong to linear, 0.2 - 1 mm long, occasionally bilobulate, erect or spreading. Fruits depressed-subglobose, sometimes squarish, 2 - 4 x 6 - 8 (- 10) mm, (3 -) 4 (- 6)-locular, unlobed or shallowly lobed, crustaceous, puberulous to glabrous; pedicels 2 - 8 mm long.
Fl. & Fr. Jan. - Dec.
Distrib. India: Evergreen, primary or deciduous forests, tropical forests, scrub, up to 1800 m altitude, common. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Taiwan and Vietnam.
Notes. Chromosome number: 2 n = 52 for G. assamicum (Mehra & Hans, Taxon 18: 310 - 315. 1969).
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